When a body repeats its motion after regular time intervals, the motion is called harmonic motion or periodic motion.
Motion of a simple pendulum, vibration of a tuning fork, motion of a spring motion of planet etc. are examples of harmonic motion. Simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion, here we will discuss periodic motion and oscillation.
Periodic Motion and Oscillation
Periodic Motion: Motions which repeat themselves after a regular interval of time are called periodic motion. The time interval which the motion is repeated is called time period.
Example: The motion of a particle in a circle. Earth's motion round the sun (Watch the video to see how it moves) , the motion of natural and artificial satellite around the earth, motion of a swinging pendulum, vibrations of stretched string etc.
Oscillation: If a body in a periodic motion moves back and forth about a fixed position, the motion of the body is called oscillation or vibration.
In otherwords, if the periodic motion of a body is such the at half of its time period it moves in one direction and rest half in the opposite direction, then the motion is called oscillation or vibration.
Example: Motion of a simple pendulum, vibration of a tuning fork, motion of a spring, motion of atoms in a solid about fixed positions (called lattice points).
The displacement of a body having such a motion can be expressed in terms of sine or cosine functions, which are called periodic or harmonic functions. Because of this, a periodic or an oscillatory motions is also known as a harmonic motion.
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| Green one is the Sine Function and the blue one is the Cosine Function... Value from -1 to +1 indicates Displacement... |
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